Significant Nuclear Power Related Europe and Scandinavia Links

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) provides nuclear safeguards oversight for the UN for countries (member states) participating in the nuclear non-proliferation agreement. They also provide assistance to those member states who need training and assistance in improving or maintaining a high level of nuclear safety. The IAEA has an excellent site covering many topics of interest.

Electrobel operates reactors at Doel and Tihange. The Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK-CEN) homepage describes their research activities and provide on-line research reports.

CEZ operates the 4 VVER reactors at Dukovany and is starting up the 2 VVER-1000 reactors at Temelin. The SUJB regulates nuclear power and radiation safety. The SURAO is responsible for control and storage of radioactive waste. The UJV performs nuclear research similar to the US national laboratories.

The IVO Group operate Finland's VVER reactors at Loviisa. TVO (Finnish-English) operates two 710 MWe BWRs at Olkiluoto. More information can be found on the Finland page. STUK, Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, is responsible for regulation of the use of nuclear energy of the radiation practices in Finland. STUK (Finnish) sets safety requirements and verifies compliance with them.

The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) promotes co-operation among the governments of its participating countries (European Member countries of OECD as well as Australia, Canada, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico and the United States) in furthering the development of nuclear power as a safe, environmentally acceptable and economic energy source. NEA, based in France has an extensive set of links to countries with nuclear power plants. Their site covers nuclear safety, radioactive waste management, radiation protection, nuclear law, nuclear developments and science. Extensive database, publications, and library resources are also available. You must register to be able to use the site.

Electricite de France, the French nuclear utility, has maintained a high level of nuclear safety at the 50+ nuclear units that it operates in France. Nuclear power provides over 70% of the electricity capacity needs of France.

The German utility, Energie-Versorgung Schwaben AG, based in Stuttgart, has ~ 1500 MWe nuclear generating capacity of its 3250 MWe installed capacity. They have provided an excellent set of colored graphic sketches showing the how power plants of all types work. Also included are some excellent graphics showing how some of the systems operate during various nuclear accidents.

The Federal Environment Ministry is charged with regulating traditional environmental areas and safety of nuclear installations, radiation protection, and disposal of nuclear waste . The Ministry has homepages in English, French, and Spanish in addition to the homepage in German.

Informationskreis Kernenergie provides a virtual tour (in German) of the Isar-2 PWR plant. EVO, a subsidiary of Bayernwerk AG, provides an alternative presentation for both Isar and Grafenrheinfeld. A functional description of the pressurized water reactor is provided together with a virtual plant tour (QuickTime for Windows and fluency in German needed).. EVO also provides a very good search engine for their site. EVR and EVS both allow you to order information brochures on-line.

If you have an interest in building a model of a 1300 MWe Siemens nuclear reactor, visit Thomas Pleiner's card-modeling page. See pictures of various aspects of the model.

Institut für Sicherheitsforschung und Reaktortechnik (ISR), Institute for safety research and reactor engineering, has German and English site versionsdescribing their research and publications.

Siemens has a functional imagemap linking to technical data about each of the nuclear power plants they designed in Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, and Argentina. Pages also describe the Mochove simulator and refueling machine at Brokdorf.

RODOS is a research project aiming at the development of an integrated and comprehensive real-time on-line decision support system for off-site emergency management after a nuclear accident in Europe.

The Netherlands Energy Research Foundation is the leading institute for energy research in the Netherlands. ECN carries out basic and applied research in the fields of nuclear energy, fossil fuels, renewable energy sources, policy studies, environmental aspects of energy supply and the development and application of new materials. ECN has a links page and support the homepage of the European Nuclear Society. Siemens has a very nice photo of the Borssele plant. The Dutch Young Generation (English), part of the Netherlands Nuclear Society (NNS) and Royal Institute of Engineers (KIvI), department of nuclear technology (KIvI-Ke) has a mission of encouraging development of young professionals in the nuclear technology.

The UJD is the Slovakian Nuclear Regulatory Authority. Established in 1998, UJD oversees the design, construction, operation, and ecommiioning of the nuclear energy facilities.

Institut Jozef Stefan , located in Ljubljana, Slovenia, is a highly regarded research facility and organization that provides nuclear safety support and training for the Slovenian government and nuclear industry. The Institute also has served as the Internet link between Slovenia and the world. The Institute has recently produced a database, entitled NPPs of the World, which provides information on 557 nuclear plants. This database requires a browser with Javascript capability.

The Slovenian Nuclear Society is very active in sponsoring meetings that promote the expansion of knowledge about nuclear technologies for peaceful purposes.

The Central Nuclear, Vandellós II has an informative site with short descriptions of the following topics- introduction, geographical location, general layout, technical characteristics, plant operation, safety, waste, environmental monitoring, human performance, international relations.

The Spanish Nuclear Society and Union Fenosa maintain an Internet Guide of the International Nuclear Industry, The Nuclear Link, which incorporates the internet addresses of the most important sites, classified into eighteen different categories to facilitate searching.

ES-Konsult provides risk assessment and analysis services. Other Swedish nuclear concerns include the reactor and nuclear steam system supplier - ABB Atom.

The Nuclear Safety Inspectorate regulates the Goesgen, Muehleberg, Beznau, and Leibstadt facilities. The agency provides a page with a map showing the plant locations. German, French, and English language homepages are provided. The site currently provides Regulatory Guides in English and German.

British Energy is the privatized corporation that provides electricity in the United Kingdom. Scottish Nuclear and Nuclear Electric are the 2 nuclear subsidiaries.

The British Nuclear Industry Forum is the trade association and voice of Britain's nuclear energy industry. BNIF provides information on overseas markets, organizes trade missions, holds technical conferences and facilitates business in many other ways. BNIF has a news desk, Nuclear Encyberpaedia, Number Cruncher, The Gallery, Games Room, Reactions, Debate, Links.

The Nuclear Safety Directorate and its inspectorate is responsible for regulating nuclear power in the United Kingdom. The agency is a part of the Health and Safety Executive. There are several pages linking to press releases - 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000. UK Government homepage.

The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) is responsible for the decommissioning of its nuclear reactors and other nuclear liabilities used for the UK nuclear energy R&D programme, including the Prototype Fast Reactor; radioactive waste disposal; nuclear fuel reprocessing; fusion research; and the development of its sites as science and technology centres. Its sites are Dounreay, Windscale, Harwell, Risley, Culham and Winfrith.

Robin Herrick specializes in robotics and has created a site - Remote Operations Bureau Of Technology & Applications - that addresses use of robotics in nuclear, space, offshoe, and military applications. Use of robotics in nuclear applications spawned from the research investigations that occurred following the TMI-2 incident. Robotics has allowed reductions in radiation exposure during rarely conducted potentially high radiation exposure conditions.